Sources — Speaker of Bone

One consolidated list for the whole book. Each chapter ends with short keys (Author Year); the full reference is here, in alphabetical order by key.

How these were checked: references carried over from the book's own lists were already verified there. References new to this edition, and any book reference whose details looked loose, were checked against PubMed or Crossref in this pass and given a PMID or DOI. A few classics (books and older papers without an index entry) are marked as book-listed. Where the book had an author name wrong, the corrected name is given with a note.

After the stack-test verdict pass, no claim in the text is still waiting for a source. A few references still need a full-text check before print; see NOTES-for-stack-test.md.

• Agricola 2013 — Agricola R., Heijboer M.P., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M., Verhaar J.A., Weinans H., Waarsing J.H. Cam impingement causes osteoarthritis of the hip: a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK). Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2013;72(6):918–923. PMID 22730371. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201643 (CHECK cohort, 5 years, 1,002 people: end-stage hip osteoarthritis adjusted OR 3.67 for moderate cam (alpha above 60°) and 9.66 for severe cam (above 83°). “Causes” is the title’s word; the data are an association.)
• Agricola 2013b — Agricola R., Heijboer M.P., Roze R.H., Reijman M., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M., Verhaar J.A., Weinans H., Waarsing J.H. Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular dysplasia does: acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2013;21(10):1514–1521. PMID 23850552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.07.004 (CHECK, 720 of 1,002 people, 5 years: dysplasia adjusted OR 2.62 to 5.45, depending on the view. A pincer deformity was not associated with any outcome, except lower odds of incident osteoarthritis when present on both views, OR 0.34. “Does not lead” is the title’s word.)
• Agricola 2014 — Agricola R., Heijboer M.P., Ginai A.Z., Roels P., Zadpoor A.A., Verhaar J.A., Weinans H., Waarsing J.H. A cam deformity is gradually acquired during skeletal maturation in adolescent and young male soccer players: a prospective study with minimum 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014;42(4):798–806. PMID 24585362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514524364 (Cam developed while the plate was open and did not progress after closure.)
• Agricola 2024 — Agricola R., van Buuren M.M.A., Kemp J.L., Weinans H., Runhaar J., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M.A. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in middle-aged individuals is strongly associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis within 10-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study (CHECK). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2024;58(18):1061–1067. PMID 39074968. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108222 (CHECK, 1,386 hips free of osteoarthritis at the start, 10 years: 21 hips had a painful cam and internal rotation at or under 25°. Of those, 81% developed radiographic hip osteoarthritis and 33% reached end-stage disease. Adjusted OR 6.85 and 47.82, wide intervals. Association, not proven cause.)
• Aleem 2016 — Aleem I.S., et al. Efficacy of electrical stimulators for bone healing: a meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials. Scientific Reports, 2016;6:31724. PMID 27539550. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31724 (Electrical stimulation improved radiographic union; functional benefit unclear.)
• Allin 1975 — Allin EF. Evolution of the mammalian middle ear. Journal of Morphology. 1975;147(4):403–437. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051470404.
• Andrzejowski & Giannoudis 2019 — Andrzejowski P., Giannoudis P.V. The ‘diamond concept’ for long bone non-union management. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2019;20(1):21. PMID 30976944. PMC6459453. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-019-0528-0 (Osteoinduction, osteogenic cells, osteoconductive scaffold, mechanical environment, vascularity, host comorbidities.)
• Ateshian 2009 — Ateshian GA. The role of interstitial fluid pressurization in articular cartilage lubrication. J Biomech. 2009;42(9):1163–1176. PMID 19464689. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.04.040.
• Aubert 2019 — Aubert M, Lebe R, Oktaviana AA, et al. Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art. Nature. 2019;576(7787):442-445. PMID 31827284. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1806-y.
• Aurich 2005 — Aurich M, Squires GR, Reiner A, et al. Differential matrix degradation and turnover in early cartilage lesions of human knee and ankle joints. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(1):112-9. PMID 15641059. doi:10.1002/art.20740
• Bahney 2019 — Bahney C.S., et al. Cellular biology of fracture healing. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2019;37(1):35–50. PMID 30370699. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24170 (Primary/direct vs secondary/indirect healing; intramembranous vs endochondral contributions; periosteal progenitor roles.)
• Bartlett 2014 — Bartlett JL, Sumner B, Ellis RG, et al. Activity and functions of the human gluteal muscles in walking, running, sprinting, and climbing. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2014;153(1):124-31. PMID 24218079. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22419.
• Bassett & Becker 1962 — Bassett C.A.L., Becker R.O. Generation of electric potentials by bone in response to mechanical stress. Science, 1962;137(3535):1063–4. PMID 13865637. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.137.3535.1063
• Bast & Anson 1949 — Bast T.H., Anson B.J. The Temporal Bone and the Ear. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1949. (Book verified via WorldCat/library catalogs; the specific page for the "densest" wording is unchecked. No PMID.)
• Beck 2005 — Beck M., Kalhor M., Leunig M., Ganz R. Hip morphology influences the pattern of damage to the acetabular cartilage: femoroacetabular impingement as a cause of early osteoarthritis of the hip. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Br) 2005;87(7):1012–1018. PMID 15972923. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.87B7.15203 (Cam: anterosuperior acetabular cartilage sheared off the bone in flexion; pincer: labrum crushed between rim and femoral neck.)
• Behrend 2012 — Behrend H., Giesinger K., Giesinger J.M., Kuster M.S. The "forgotten joint" as the ultimate goal in joint arthroplasty: validation of a new patient-reported outcome measure. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 2012;27(3):430–436. PMID 22000572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2011.06.035 (243 people: Forgotten Joint Score ceiling 9.2%, versus 16.7–46.7% on the WOMAC subscales.)
• Berger 2025 — Berger LR, Makhubela TV, Molopyane K, et al. Evidence for deliberate burial of the dead by Homo naledi. Elife. 2025;12. PMID 40888484. doi:10.7554/eLife.89106.
• Bergmann 2001 — Bergmann G., Deuretzbacher G., Heller M., Graichen F., Rohlmann A., Strauss J., Duda G.N. Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities. Journal of Biomechanics, 2001;34(7):859–871. PMID 11410170. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00040-9 (Instrumented hip implants, 4 adult patients: walking at about 4 km/h averaged 238% body weight; stairs up 251%, down 260%.)
• Bi 1999 — Bi W., Deng J.M., Zhang Z., Behringer R.R., de Crombrugghe B. Sox9 is required for cartilage formation. Nature Genetics, 1999;22(1):85–89. PMID 10319868. https://doi.org/10.1038/8792 (The cartilage switch.)
• Bourne 2010 — Bourne R.B., Chesworth B.M., Davis A.M., Mahomed N.N., Charron K.D. Patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty: who is satisfied and who is not? Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 2010;468(1):57–63. PMID 19844772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-1119-9 (1,703 primary knee replacements: 19% not satisfied at about one year; unmet expectations, pain at rest, and complications were the strongest predictors.)
• Bowers & Anderson 2024 — Bowers K.M., Anderson D.E. Delayed Union and Nonunion: Current Concepts, Prevention, and Correction: A Review. Bioengineering, 2024;11(6):525. PMID 38927761. PMC11201148. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060525 (Primary vs secondary healing; mechanical vs biological factors; strain-band teaching with method caveats.)
• Bramble & Lieberman 2004 — Bramble D.M., Lieberman D.E. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03052 (Derived human endurance-running package; qualitative anatomical traces; possible roles in hunting and/or scavenging.)
• Britz 2009 — Britz HM, Thomas CD, Clement JG, et al. The relation of femoral osteon geometry to age, sex, height and weight. Bone. 2009;45(1):77-83. PMID 19303955. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.654.
• Brooks & Peever 2012 — Brooks PL, Peever JH. Identification of the transmitter and receptor mechanisms responsible for REM sleep paralysis. J Neurosci. 2012;32(29):9785-95. PMID 22815493. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0482-12.2012.
• Brown 1984 — Brown TD, Radin EL, Martin RB, et al. Finite element studies of some juxtarticular stress changes due to localized subchondral stiffening. J Biomech. 1984;17(1):11-24. PMID 6715384. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(84)90075-7
• Buenzli & Sims 2015 — Buenzli P.R., Sims N.A. Quantifying the osteocyte network in the human skeleton. Bone, 2015;75:144–150. PMID 25708054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.016 (~42 billion osteocytes, 23 trillion connections, 175,000 km of processes, 9.1 million replaced daily; same order of magnitude as the brain's neural network.)
• Burr & Gallant 2012 — Burr DB, Gallant MA. Bone remodelling in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(11):665-73. PMID 22868925. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2012.130
• Buschmann 1995 — Buschmann MD, Gluzband YA, Grodzinsky AJ, et al. Mechanical compression modulates matrix biosynthesis in chondrocyte/agarose culture. J Cell Sci. 1995;108 ( Pt 4):1497-508. PMID 7615670. doi:10.1242/jcs.108.4.1497
• Carrier 1984 — Carrier DR. The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution. Current Anthropology. 1984;25(4):483–495. doi:10.1086/203165. (Persistence-hunting hypothesis; how often it was used is debated.)
• Castañeda 2013 — Castañeda P., Ponce C., Villareal G., Vidal C. The natural history of osteoarthritis after a slipped capital femoral epiphysis/the pistol grip deformity. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 2013;33(Suppl 1):S76–S82. PMID 23764797. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0b013e318277174c (121 stable slips pinned in situ, mean 22.3 years: impingement signs in 96; radiographic osteoarthritis in all 121.)
• Castro-Abril 2015 — Castro-Abril H.A., Galván F., Garzón-Alvarado D.A. Geometrical and mechanical factors that influence slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a finite element study. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, 2015;24:418–424. PMID 26062006. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPB.0000000000000195 (Computer model. Body mass raised overall stress on the growth plate more than plate angle did. Stress, not shear.)
• Cavagna 1976 — Cavagna G.A., Thys H., Zamboni A. The sources of external work in level walking and running. Journal of Physiology 1976;262(3):639–657. PMID 1011078. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011613 (Inverted-pendulum exchange in walking; recovery peaks near 65% at an intermediate speed.)
• Chen 2018 — Chen Y, Hu Y, Yu YE, et al. Subchondral Trabecular Rod Loss and Plate Thickening in the Development of Osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(2):316-327. PMID 29044705. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3313
• Chen 2020 — Chen L, Wolf AB, Fu W, Li L, Akey JM. Identifying and interpreting apparent Neanderthal ancestry in African individuals. Cell. 2020;180(4):677-687.e16. PMID 32004458. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.012.
• Chen 2025 — Chen D., Boel F., van Klij P., Runhaar J., Rivadeneira F., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M.A., Agricola R. Associated factors of primary cam morphology in 4477 early adolescents: a multiethnic, population-based, cross-sectional study (Generation R). Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2025;13(12):23259671251394027. PMID 41426267. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671251394027 (Median age 13.5: male sex, cutting sport, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher alpha angle.)
• Claes 1999 — Claes LE, Heigele CA. Magnitudes of local stress and strain along bony surfaces predict the course and type of fracture healing. J Biomech. 1999;32(3):255-66. PMID 10093025. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00153-5.
• Coates 2002 — Coates MI, Jeffery JE, Rut M. Fins to limbs: what the fossils say. Evol Dev. 2002;4(5):390-401. PMID 12356269. doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.02026.x.
• Comazzetto 2021 — Comazzetto S, Shen B, Morrison SJ. Niches that regulate stem cells and hematopoiesis in adult bone marrow. Dev Cell. 2021;56(13):1848-1860. PMID 34146467. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.018.
• Crane 2017 — Crane GM, Jeffery E, Morrison SJ. Adult haematopoietic stem cell niches. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17(9):573–590. doi:10.1038/nri.2017.53.
• Cummings 1997 — Cummings S.R., Ling X., Stone K. Consequences of foot binding among older women in Beijing, China. American Journal of Public Health, 1997;87(10):1677–1679. PMID 9357353. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.10.1677 (Women with bound feet fell more, were less able to squat or rise from a chair, and had 5.1% lower hip bone density.)
• Cunningham 2010 — Cunningham CB, Schilling N, Anders C, Carrier DR. The influence of foot posture on the cost of transport in humans. J Exp Biol. 2010;213(5):790–797. doi:10.1242/jeb.038984.
• Dallas 2013 — Dallas SL, Prideaux M, Bonewald LF. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and more. Endocr Rev. 2013;34(5):658–690. PMID 23612223. doi:10.1210/er.2012-1026.
• Daniel 2005 — Daniel M., Iglič A., Kralj-Iglič V. The shape of acetabular cartilage optimizes hip contact stress distribution. Journal of Anatomy, 2005;207(1):85–91. PMID 16011547. PMC1571495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00425.x (3D mathematical model: the acetabular fossa makes contact stress more uniform and lowers the peak. Model, not measurement.)
• Darwin 1859 — Darwin C. On the Origin of Species. London: John Murray; 1859. (Book-listed; not re-verified in this pass.)
• Davesne 2019 — Davesne D., Meunier F.J., Schmitt A.D., Friedman M., Otero O., Benson R.B.J. The phylogenetic origin and evolution of acellular bone in teleost fishes: insights into osteocyte function in bone metabolism. Biological Reviews, 2019;94(4):1338–1363. PMID 30924235. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12505 (Most teleosts lack osteocytes.)
• Ding 2012 — Ding L, Saunders TL, Enikolopov G, Morrison SJ. Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2012;481(7382):457–462. doi:10.1038/nature10783.
• Dobrev 2021 — Dobrev I, Dillinger D, Meier L, et al. Conductive Hearing Loss with Age-A Histologic and Audiometric Evaluation. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):. PMID 34071847. doi:10.3390/jcm10112341.
• Doden & Halves 1984 — Doden E., Halves R. On the functional morphology of the human petrous bone. American Journal of Anatomy, 1984;169(4):451–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001690407 (Not in PubMed. Crossref-verified. Three human petrous bones; labyrinthine capsule layers more mineralized, no clear remodeling.)
• Downs & Donoghue 2009 — Downs J.P., Donoghue P.C. Skeletal histology of Bothriolepis canadensis (Placodermi, Antiarchi) and evolution of the skeleton at the origin of jawed vertebrates. Journal of Morphology, 2009;270(11):1364–1380. PMID 19533688. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10765 (Secondary osteons in placoderms.)
• Eckstein 2001 — Eckstein F, Winzheimer M, Hohe J, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Interindividual variability and correlation among morphological parameters of knee joint cartilage plates: analysis with three-dimensional MR imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001;9(2):101-111. PMID 11237657. doi:10.1053/joca.2000.0365.
• Eger 2002 — Eger W, Schumacher BL, Mollenhauer J, et al. Human knee and ankle cartilage explants: catabolic differences. J Orthop Res. 2002;20(3):526-34. PMID 12038627. doi:10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00125-5
• Einhorn & Gerstenfeld 2015 — Einhorn TA, Gerstenfeld LC. Fracture healing: mechanisms and interventions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(1):45-54. PMID 25266456. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.164.
• ElHawary 2021 — ElHawary H., Baradaran A., Abi-Rafeh J., Vorstenbosch J., Xu L., Efanov J.I. Bone Healing and Inflammation: Principles of Fracture and Repair. Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2021;35(3):198–203. PMID 34526868. PMC8432998. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732334 (Inflammatory initiation; soft-to-hard callus; remodeling toward lamellar bone.)
• Elliott 2016 — Elliott D.S., et al. A unified theory of bone healing and nonunion: BHN theory. Bone & Joint Journal, 2016;98-B(7):884–891. PMID 27365465. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.98B7.36061 (Bone-healing unit; mechanical vs biological failure; hypertrophic patterns often mechanical.)
• Felson 2001 — Felson DT, Chaisson CE, Hill CL, et al. The association of bone marrow lesions with pain in knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(7):541-9. PMID 11281736. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00007.
• Felson 2003 — Felson DT, McLaughlin S, Goggins J, et al. Bone marrow edema and its relation to progression of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(5 Pt 1):330-6. PMID 12965941. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-5_part_1-200309020-00008
• Fessler 2005a — Fessler D.M.T., Nettle D., Afshar Y., Pinheiro I.A., Bolyanatz A., Mulder M.B., Cravalho M., Delgado T., Gruzd B., Correia M.O., Khaltourina D., Korotayev A., Marrow J., de Souza L.S., Zbarauskaite A. A cross-cultural investigation of the role of foot size in physical attractiveness. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2005;34(3):267–276. PMID 15971009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-005-3115-9 (Across cultures, smaller-than-average feet preferred in women; average feet preferred in men.)
• Fessler, Haley & Lal 2005b — Fessler D.M.T., Haley K.J., Lal R.D. Sexual dimorphism in foot length proportionate to stature. Annals of Human Biology, 2005;32(1):44–59. PMID 15788354. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460400027581
• Filardo 2016 — Filardo G, Roffi A, Merli G, et al. Patient kinesiophobia affects both recovery time and final outcome after total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(10):3322-3328. PMID 26685685. doi:10.1007/s00167-015-3898-8.
• Fomon 1982 — Fomon S.J., Haschke F., Ziegler E.E., Nelson S.E. Body composition of reference children from birth to age 10 years. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1982;35(5 Suppl):1169–1175. PMID 7081099. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/35.5.1169 (infant body fat and density; why a chubby baby floats)
• Fraitzl 2007 — Fraitzl C.R., Käfer W., Nelitz M., Reichel H. Radiological evidence of femoroacetabular impingement in mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a mean follow-up of 14.4 years after pinning in situ. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Br), 2007;89(12):1592–1596. PMID 18057358. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.89b12.19637 (16 mild slips: no hip kept a normal head-neck ratio; mean alpha angle 86° on the AP view.)
• Franbourg 2003 — Franbourg A., Hallegot P., Baltenneck F., Toutain C., Leroy F. Current research on ethnic hair. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2003;48(6 Suppl):S115–S119. PMID 12789163. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2003.277 (Scalp hair cross-section: small/large diameters 55–98 µm across African, Asian, and Caucasian hair; the hair side of the ratio in #16.)
• Frank 2015 — Frank J.M., Harris J.D., Erickson B.J., Slikker W., Bush-Joseph C.A., Salata M.J., Nho S.J. Prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement imaging findings in asymptomatic volunteers: a systematic review. Arthroscopy 2015;31(6):1199–1204. PMID 25636988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.11.042 (26 studies, 2,114 hips without symptoms, mean age about 25; cam in 37% overall, 54.8% of athletes, 23.1% of the general population; cam on a scan is common in people with no pain; a shape is not a diagnosis.)
• Fratzl 2004 — Fratzl P, Gupta HS, Paschalis EP, Roschger P. Structure and mechanical quality of the collagen–mineral nano-composite in bone. J Mater Chem. 2004;14(14):2115–2123. doi:10.1039/B402005G.
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• Frost 1987 — Frost H.M. Bone “mass” and the “mechanostat”: A proposal. The Anatomical Record, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092190104
• Frost 2003 — Frost HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2003;275(2):1081-101. PMID 14613308. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10119. (MESm/MESr framing; qualitative use only.)
• Fukada & Yasuda 1957 — Fukada E., Yasuda I. On the Piezoelectric Effect of Bone. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 1957. https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.12.1158 (Bone piezoelectricity; role in remodeling signaling still debated vs. osteocyte fluid-flow mechanotransduction.)
• Gage 2004 — Gage W.H., Winter D.A., Frank J.S., Adkin A.L. Kinematic and kinetic validity of the inverted pendulum model in quiet standing. Gait & Posture, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00037-7 (COM–COP coupling; hip motion even in unperturbed stance.)
• Gefen 2008 — Gefen A. How much time does it take to get a pressure ulcer? Integrated evidence from human, animal, and in vitro studies. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2008;54(10):26-8, 30-5. PMID 18927481.
• George 2024 (StatPearls, Ear Ossicles) — George T, Fakoya AO, Bordoni B. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ear Ossicles (Archived). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. PMID 34033311.
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• Goodman 1997 — Goodman D.A., Feighan J.E., Smith A.D., Latimer B., Buly R.L., Cooperman D.R. Subclinical slipped capital femoral epiphysis: relationship to osteoarthrosis of the hip. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Am), 1997;79(10):1489–1497. PMID 9378734. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199710000-00005 (Post-slip shape in 8% of 2,665 adult skeletons; arthritis 38% vs 26%.)
• Gottlieb 2018 — Gottlieb PK, Vaisbuch Y, Puria S. Human ossicular-joint flexibility transforms the peak amplitude and width of impulsive acoustic stimuli. J Acoust Soc Am. 2018;143(6):3418. PMID 29960477. doi:10.1121/1.5039845.
• Green 2010 — Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, et al. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science. 2010;328(5979):710-722. PMID 20448178. doi:10.1126/science.1188021.
• Gross & Williams 1982 — Gross D., Williams W.S. Streaming potential and the electromechanical response of physiologically-moist bone. Journal of Biomechanics, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(82)90174-9 (Streaming potentials dominate stress-generated voltage in wet bone.)
• Haapala 1999 — Haapala J., Arokoski J.P., Hyttinen M.M., Lammi M., Tammi M., Kovanen V., Helminen H.J., Kiviranta I. Remobilization does not fully restore immobilization induced articular cartilage atrophy. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1999;362:218–229. PMID 10335301. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199905000-00031 (Dog knee immobilized 11 weeks: glycosaminoglycan down 20–23%; most sites recovered after 50 weeks of remobilization, but parts of the medial knee still had 9–17% less.)
• Hall & Herring 1990 — Hall B.K., Herring S.W. Paralysis and growth of the musculoskeletal system in the embryonic chick. Journal of Morphology, 1990;206(1):45–56. PMID 2246789. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052060105 (Paralyzed chick embryos: long bones reached 52–63% of normal growth.)
• Haridy 2021 — Haridy Y., Osenberg M., Hilger A., Manke I., Davesne D., Witzmann F. Bone metabolism and evolutionary origin of osteocytes: novel application of FIB-SEM tomography. Science Advances, 2021;7(14):eabb9113. PMID 33789889. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9113 (Earliest osteocytes; phosphorus role is the authors' hypothesis.)
• Harvey 2014 — Harvey L.A., Brosseau L., Herbert R.D. Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014;(2):CD004260. PMID 24500904. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004260.pub3 (24 trials, 1,445 people: passive machine motion after knee replacement had no clinically important short-term effect on motion, pain, function, or quality of life.)
• Hayami 2004 — Hayami T, Pickarski M, Wesolowski GA, et al. The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(4):1193-206. PMID 15077302. doi:10.1002/art.20124
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